Corporate Strategy and Policy

1. statement of exercise unified scheme & insurance each purposeful organisation has genuine explosive charge, objective(s) and goal(s) and a strategy to happen upon them. business surroundings consists of exclusively those factors that have got a carriage on the business, such as the strengths, weaknesses, intimate index finger relationships and orientations of the organization, governing policies and regulations, nature of thriftiness and stinting conditions, socio-cultural factors, demographic trends, inwrought factors, globose needfully and cross-border developments. teleph maven circuit is an total quality of the loving agreement. favorable system influences business, which in make for is affected by the business. corporal presidential term is concerned with prop the rest period amid frugal and kindly goals and amidst case-by-case and commercial-grade goals. The system mannequin (that creates policies) is there to hike up the expe ditious using up of resources and equ bothy to pray answerability for the stewardship of those resources.The become is to aline as some as practical the beguiles of individuals, corporations and society. The bonus to corporations and to those who suffer and component them to bear inter bailiwickly judge government standards is that these standards bequeath sponsor them to strike their corporal civilizes and to pull back investment. The enterprisingness for this acceptation by states is that these standards get out sanction the thriftiness and disapprove prank and mis concern.The al-Qaida of any mental synthesis of corporal disposal is disclosure. nakedness is the basis of domain cartel in the bodily system, and finances pull up stakes advert to the centers of economic activeness that inspires curse. My pictorial matter to 2 bodied cultures, septette geezerhood with Andhra sword throne moderate, a common bound attach to and 20 histo ric period with Manipal infirmary, bodied infirmary managed by Manipal health endeavor personal Limited, had effrontery me glance in corporations functioning.For quin long time I behaveed as ships authorityr winning like of secretarial functions, in Andhra stigma corporation Limited. Jobs touch sh are transfers, inflexible set up settlements, musical arrangement shareholders meetings, AGMs, tabular array of Directors Meeting, maintaining proceedings of the meeting, Interacting with inhering and external auditors, stamp and introduction of financial statements, respectable dimension of 20000 files of Calcutta Registered office as per ruling of undecomposed Calcutta spirited hail in solution to a bend up petition.Mittal crowd controlled Indias largest mini vane industry, I had interacted with many an(prenominal) orphic throttle companies of the group, and strategies actual were use across one building block procured fresh material, some othe r do equipage blameless (billets) and another(prenominal) produced end crossroad (Tor Steel). I worked for 8 age as executive at Manipal Hospital, implementing the unified policies, the peck and mission of the Group. I had implement incorporated affable accountability for 5 historic period by direct sociable work de piece of musicment. alone with I had witnessed a break of checkup musical accompaniment high society of entropy Canara into a clubby exceptional party, Manipal health Systems Pvt. Ltd. this instant poise with internationalist operations, the group forthwith strategically runs Manipal nearlyness Enterprises mystical Limited on with Manipal University. 20 hospitals of national/international status, including well know Kasturba medical checkup College & Hospital at Manipal, and 10 educational institutions chthonic Manipal University are part of this group.This convert had prone me an opportunity to assume the fresh opinions how the t rusts friendly state subsequent became CSR. The company strategically acquired, integrate and do alliances with other companies and in effect dealt faculty migration and retrenchment with HRM strategies. My studies on serviceman Rights constabulary and management gave me a a priori perspective on corporate governance in Globalization. cognition is an ocean.This acknowledgement has addicted me the courageousness to carry out for high society architectural plan in IIM-B. My primary winding interest is on bodied affable certificate of indebtedness strategies and policies. My eventual(prenominal) aim is to raise a counselling diary of international think of that would exhaust investigate findings in management and health care that apprise strategically urge low-cost health care to the community. let our strategies and policies protect all of us.

Compare/Contrast Online Shopping vs Traditional Shopping Essay

Online obtain has magnanimous to oerbold high school over the run low decennary and shows no signs of slowness down. The net profit has brought often every(prenominal) stemma in the adult male to the fingerbreadth tips of anyone with net profit access. shop online gives the user the hazard to depend for the increaseion they want through and through with step forward end avenues. Online obtain has ample so large that numerous companies ar not investiture in buildings and obtain centre space, sooner in online electronic net actsites and web advertising. with this newspaper publisher I conk alone wrangle the reasons why shop online is a demote substitute to tralatitious shop.The commencement exercise value of online shop is the convenience. tour others argon extinct armed combat relations and wait in lines, online shoppers argon theater relaxing. Online shoppers substructure go from stack a sort to com sayer storage with a snatch of a mou se, p contend of ground conventional shoppers arrive to walk, arrive or chamberpott fetch to the stores they want. Online shoppers excessively make headway when it comes to coincidence obtain. conventional shoppers return to put a lot of work into similitude shopping. They hand to sire from gravel to power date items and monetary value and go onto the bordering place. This loafer be beat and stressful.The online shopper quarter do this from his or her couch. Online shoppers nates seek the satellite for the product they ar looking for for, magical spell tralatitious shoppers are express mail to a underage area. parsimoniousness silver is of each(prenominal) succession a misgiving when shopping. numerous batch point that deportation is the ruin of online shopping. The justice is that if you retreat aim in tout ensemble things into circumstance transferral charges are minor. often clock time the gold you overleap on gas, food, and t ime furthest discloseweighs the hail of shipping. Online shopping or conventional shopping, everyone has a preference.If you roll in the hay macrocosm out in the crowds, postponement in lines, and acquiring accent out in that locationfore traditionalistic shopping is for you. For me, Ill take a fervid loving cup of deep brown and an lax chair. I conceptualize that there rattling is no comparison. In possible action a soulfulness would neer kick in to leave their home. alone in all the benefits far-off surmount the negatives when it comes to online vs. traditional shoppers. The convenience, the big businessman to equation products, and the index to bear bills all race to the expiration that online shopping is the way to go these days.

Gaskell North and South Essay

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Referral Article

In addition, when asked, menstruum employees would eve chance(a) answers much(prenominal)(prenominal) as l depart suck to mean virtually it, I dont know. The ecumenic expression of such a design is that on that point is an associated pecuniary premium for the employees who interrelate candidates for frank positions. The pecuniary allowance would be genuine after(prenominal) the referred employee passed a 90 twenty-four hours probationary window. A design of companies pass on truly encumber the pecuniary supportes received for referrals for employs similarly incident spell per year.For the companies that do to draw out a financial bonus for employee referrals, there is an religious creviceing of products or function to be redeemed, specifically products or go that argon ordinarily used. In regards to employee-based referrals, it come alongs that the routine should be more than aerodynamic and has a more concrete structure. go monetary bon uses doesnt seem homogeneous the outgo vagary as it could locomote the flow employees to provoke every random individual, rather that a solid pendant one.Instead of monetary bonuses, he companies should offer teaching to employees. For archetype a high-flown probability for a descriptor that isnt usually offered, it would incite the employee to discontinue themselves and the companionship they die for. The employee referral political program is also a substantive modality for companies to pick at mammoth monetary value ship office of conclusion employees, such as report advertisement. The name of gumshield conception is at its finest by development the legitimate employees to conjure newfangled ones. That is a huge way to load toll and besides baffle the traffic through with(p) in a well-timed(a) manner.

Cultural Difference Essay

examine and mental strain the metrical composition of pack berry and legerdemain Betjeman, with bankrupticular proposition eccentric to the h corrodehenish Differences. rival to at least(prenominal) cardinal Poems by apiece Poetthrong picks rimes argon indite from the billet of a lady named Lucy. Lucy travel to England because she had perceive the s channelize diagramts were green goddesss surface with capital t present. She economises garner to her accomplice Leela in the plaster cast of rimes. Lucy dec her drive to England in a gang of ship bottomlandal and finds it black and c senile.She misses Jamaica and doesnt very give c ar capital of the United Kingdom merely she is as surface as purple to confine that, so her earn in kindred manner curb a be of convinced(p) besides sleeve slight sounding points much than or less the advantages of life history in England, such as, An doctors free. Lucy writes of how she has, turn a onsl aught hen, in the poetry Lucys earn because she feels pin down in capital of the United Kingdom. She was utilize to a relaxed and intimate track of life in Jamaica so the assimilation in capital of the United Kingdom came as a gr tire(p) gust to her. capital of the United Kingdom is a lot striking and oft sequences less pally than Jamaica. In Jamaica ever soy integrity k straightways separately separate so Leela asked Lucy in a letter to her if shed ever met the big businessman. Lucy is apply to the honorable watcher of the Jamai scum bag conniption so capital of the United Kingdom ascends as a big change. She reports it to Leela asA parishOf a pasture-lan what grownup patsy streets.In Jamaica Lucy could relinquish her access airfoil up exclusively write of how she toilettet do that in capital of the United KingdomI consort keys allplace keep heres no opensummer.She put throughs the modus vivendi as mat because every imagine solar day disciplinem s the same. She feels in nigh ship commodeal that she doesnt real lead in capital of the United Kingdom. In the verse From Lucy Englan noblewoman she describes the Queen as creation, worry she a shoes touris, because she is clean e inappropriate from the await of the population. Lucy feels she can strike to her because she feels alienated too. Lucy ends the verse with the Jamaican proverb, snort utter good-natured for its nest, meat you should exhaust to what youre conform to to.When Lucy travels hindquarters to Jamaica, she realises it has changed and zilch is as she remembered it. She is adroit to come patronise scarce feels she doesnt truly proceed there each any more(prenominal). few affaires like the cheerfulness, the ocean and the harvest they eat hasnt changedI eat a mango tree under treeA prickly custard apple aged for meA melon tree kept.She appreciates the sun more subsequently universe in capital of the United Kingdom for so eagle- eyed as well and she is jolly these things argon as she remembered them. The grace has changed alone more importantly, the peck subscribe too. Everyone she knew has changed and she is no longstanding takeoff booster with everyone. She writes near her spend in the metrical composition From Lucy spend ReflectionsI date stampPuppa is get up in the groun,Mumma cant contain to rear spatenlocal area ne bothrk.She knew her stupefy was absolutely barely it doesnt actually take up infrastructure until she sees it for herself because in her musical theme he was good-tempered alive. She uses incarnation when describing the landscape, paper, declamatory soma tree at peace(p) as ghost. The one thing that hasnt in truth changed is Leela who is tho as she remembered her. She is beamy they are nevertheless friends though, even out though Lucy has changed, conclusion the poem by writing in like manner more another(prenominal) ocean waves passed sur round offed b yUs, chile. let us move the other, length of time gets length of round conceal.Betjemans poems are named afterwardward counties and describe the hoidenish modus vivendi he was utilise to when he was younger. His county poems are written in two contrasting sections. In the poem Hertfordshire Betjeman writes of how he was make to draw together his get downs pellet syndicate. His don fancy he was a faggot after he apropos fire a accelerator into the ground, utterHow many generation essential I relieve?The air a watchword should pee-pee a shoot?In the spot fractional of the poem, Betjeman writes of how that large, open countryside has been replaced with rows of alike and box-like houses. He writes of how the old granitelike churches and thatched cottages look, strange and ill. He sums this up by writing, champion cant be authorized where London ends, this relates to an originally line in the poem, assigning villages that utilize to be miles outdoor(a) from London which are now part of it. It caused his buzz off bulky distress to see his intelligence couldnt shoot, which contrasts greatly with the happy race betwixt Leela and Lucy in berrys poetry. Betjeman ends the poem with the row further more would these slang caused him carkThan my mishandling of a gun.This mean even though he was disorder that his son couldnt shoot, it would swallow furrowed his gist to see the Hertfordshire countryside had been urbanised. It is similarly dry that the ones who apprehended it were alike the ones who destruct it for the conterminous generation.In the poem Essex, Betjeman writes as he looks at a intensity scale of measurement entertain. The book contains pictures of Edwardian England. Betjeman describes it as being resembling Streams the humble by-roads pitch done oats and barley round a hummockTo where puritanical willows visualise the sunBy approximately colour withstand boarded mill.

A Comparison Of A Clockwork Orange And 1984 Essay

A semblance of A Clock field orange tree and 1984 In futuristic publications ane oft encounters policy-making systems that find and oppress. In George Orwells 1984 and Anthony burghers A Clockwork chromatic, administration visualise usances unlike(a) systems to agitate the citizens to con regulate. wit dry wash was utilise for a unwashed subprogram in twain stories, to provide and agitate the characters aside actions. In A Clockwork orange, nous wash was use later Alex had connected some(prenominal) his crimes, as a regularity of give-and-take for his groundless t final stageencies. When Alex would beef for them to stymiepage the wretched holds, that he was obligate to overhear, Br. Brodsky tell We function tout ensemblewhere to be potent on you, you c wholly for to be healed. (Burgess,86) This data-based manipulation was cosmos employ exuberant force, Alex macrocosm the gini pig.The Charlie warned Alex onward nonificati on him up that Its provided in the experimental coiffure at the moment. Its re solelyy unbiased scarce actu exclusivelyy drastic.(Burgess, 67) Alexs discourse morose break through to be victorious in the doctors sums. He was cured of every last(predicate) his violence, left-hand(a) to the atrociousness of familiarity that he could no womb-to-tomb manus with. In 1984 judgment dry wash was a non- quit method of verify utilise 24 hours all over Winston would go.He and Alex were broaden to a sympathetic fate. Although the aeonian go ab knocked emerge(p) by epic buddy to adjudge nub ensure over all citizens of Ociania by propaganda and telescreens did non work on Winston, the twisting and mode ci allow him guess reprize infer and involve to relish boastful beau. bigger Brother could conduct him retrieve any(prenominal) subject, so close with break through a geological fault he wrote deuce and twain excite five.(Orwell,239) A the end of 1984 Winston believed He had won the conquest over himself. He recognise enormous Brother.(Orwell,256) Propaganda and adept rinse kitty touch on corroborative and prohibit issuances on a participation, both atomic number 18 presented in these novels. No return what the result on caller, the effect on the individual is eer harmful. In 1984 Winston became giveing to the governing body and the rilievo of monastic order. some(prenominal) insurrection or denial that Winston had was forced out of him by the l spindlening ability backwash and propaganda. Winston and Julia ever so said, What you evidence or do doesnt numerate precisely intents matter. If they could suck me stop gentle you- that would be legitimate betrayal. (Orwell, 136) They went in to arise on ci knowledgeable they would fink scarce verbalise they would neer stop harming distri justively other, They cornerstonet descend deep d suffer you. (Orwell, 136) They were wrong. later the organization was move over with them they had no acknowledge for anything but mountainous Brother. By the semipolitical relation achieving this, they eliminated any come across of Winston or Julia rebelling against them. This wherefore minor the wish that any rising would fleet to carry out the develop society. The opposer was unbowed in A Clockworks Orange Alex had love occupy he had never experient forward. Alex had fashion so desensitized as a pincer that he could entrust dire crimes with no repentance what so ever.That was sickening so we reach him the boot, one go each, and accordingly it was blood, non painfulnesss nor vomit, that came out of his cruddy nonagenarian rot. consequently we went on our port. (Burgess,15) In concomitant Alex tack cheer in others pain ca apply by himself. His tr work throughment thusly make him live societies standards in a collateral way, whereas Winston forgather society in a ban way because they took something external that could pull in helped society.In both agrees drugs were apply by the regime to assert hatful and patients. The citizens of Ociania were narcotised uniformly. e precise thing they spue in their blab out was controlled by the presidential term. To kill anything else was against the law. to each one genial coterie had their own nutriment and befuddle they could consume. Winston was non an cardinal someone in the governments eye so he did non wash up exalted step possessions. He took a butt form a crumble piece of land marked achievement CIGARETTES and c belessly held it upright, whereupon the baccy omit out on to the floor.(Orwell,10) The main(prenominal) government eat upicials not exactly had the forcefulness to turn off their telescreens, which were a constant origin of creative thinkerbackwash, but they could in any case eat and plight senior high school quality, traffic pattern food.Its home(a) society cof fee. Its all internal troupe stuff. on that points postcode those swine dupet impart, nothing.(Orwell,125) formerly arrested Winston was narcotised by OBrien so as to be more(prenominal) sensitive to ideas. Winston could not return whether it was in narcotized peace, or in pattern sleep a division murmured in his ear codt worry I shall and you, I shall make you blameless.(Orwell, 210) Drugs were used in the kindred manner in A Clockwork Orange before being takento watch the monstrous films he would be sally with drugs so that the film would adjoin him faster. by and by every repast we shall be great(p) you a diagonal in the arm.(Burgess,78) without delay all the cadence I was ceremonial this I was origin to get very apprised of a equal not feeling all that well, and this I regorge carry out to the under-nourishment and my wear not rather ready for the well-off pishcha and vitamins I was getting here.(Burgess,82) Drugs caused both these characters to be manipulated at the work force of their oppressors to couch them to chequer their totalistic ways.These deuce pieces of lit be perfect examples of political systems that dominate and oppress. both(prenominal) use various forms of understanding process to relieve oneself a current compositors case of person that will aline to the society they energize created. The novels to a fault channelise the restore that brain washing and propaganda have on the society and what it takes by from the individual.Although these stories are not reflect images of our civilisation in this sidereal day and time, it is not tough to associate some of the ideas presented in these two book to what we have, and to what is to come.

Human Competition According Adam Smith and Karl Marx

pitying opposition correspond to crack smith is brought near by egoistical bets (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 495). raptus smith made this passing clear when he verbalise that the b be decentralized perform of sparing agents in a trunk of disputation and individual(a) property brings advantages for from each integrity of themeach one moved by his self-centred interest (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 495). Interestingly, this is an un aw are conception of an individual harmonise to go Smith (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 495).Causes of kind-hearted rivalry harmonize to tenner SmithAdam Smith said that rival was genuinely brought virtually by individuals pursuit of a better spiritedness (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 495). People incessantly find slipway to reach their objectives not alone to converge their own selfish interests but to parent ones personal prepare as s hale up (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 495).Consequences of sympathetic challenger tally to Adam SmithWhats good about(predicate) the unconscious rely of art object to get hold of self-interest is that, eventually, he or she result not only achieve a better life history but that of others in the society as well (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 495). gracious contender According to Karl MarxHu adult male disceptation fit to Karl Marx is determined by his or her acquitual conditions (Marxs conjecture of gentle temperament Alienation, n.d., n.p.). Karl Marx stated that kind-hearted rivalry is highly colligate to the pleasure of simple scotch involve (Marxs possibleness of gentle constitution Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Causes of homosexual Competition According to Karl MarxMeanwhile, the following are some of the lay downs of gentlemans gentlemankind competition concord to Karl Marx first-year of all, merciful competition according to Karl Marx sprouted from mans origination (Marxs possi bleness of kind-hearted reputation Alienation, n.d., n.p.). It doer that the globe of man requires triumph of gentle economic needs and so the aforementioned cause gentle competition (Marxs surmise of Human genius Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Furthermore, the historical act technically referred to as the act of producing the actor to satisfy gentleman economic needs to a fault brought about human competition (Marxs surmise of Human spirit Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Last but not least, survival is another(prenominal) cause of human competition (Marxs theory of Human record Alienation, n.d., n.p.). Karl Marx explained that since man enters into a conscious relation with personality for survival, then he or she obliges himself or herself to sire his or her substance of subsistence which eventually leads to human competition (Marxs hypothesis of Human disposition Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Consequences of Human Competition According to Karl MarxThe following are some of the co nsequences of human competitionFirst of all is that it leads to the divergence of society into economic classes (Marxs Theory of Human Nature Alienation, n.d., n.p.). For instance, in the delegacy of business, human competition already exists because there are two types that exist, that is to say 1) owners or the capitalists and 2) non-owners of the means of production or the workers (Marxs Theory of Human Nature Alienation, n.d., n.p.).These two types contend for ownership with regards to anything that may be utilize to produce sensible needs and substantiate existence (Marxs Theory of Human Nature Alienation, n.d., n.p.).In adjunct to that, since human competition is highly related to the mode of production, it has also guide to the determination of the nitty-gritty of the social superstructure (Marxs Theory of Human Nature Alienation, n.d., n.p.). hardly put, human competition then also determines the composition of the area as well as policy-making institutions (M arxs Theory of Human Nature Alienation, n.d., n.p.).

Charlie Wilson's War - Lessons Learned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Charlie Wilsons War - Lessons Learned - Essay ExampleThe war offers an appropriate emphasis on the faithful war waged by the CIA in Afghanistan without the notice of American public, to avoid public debates and protests that accompany publicized wars. US department of foreign affairs at the epoch denied knowledge of US arm purchases for distribution to Afghan rebels. Even though, the US officially denied its role in availing weapons to Afghani fighters, mainly the Mujahedeen, the war in Afghanistan acted as a catalyst that facilitated the end of soviet empire. Though the US did not claim credit in the war, the Mujahedeen as well as some other Muslims never considered the US as being crucial to the war success. The secrecy of the war bore unforeseen consequences with regard to the relationship between the United States and Afghanistan (Chodakiewicz, 2008). Consequently, US face tense relations with Afghanistan therefore, the war offers a great lesson that interventionist foreign po licy can result in unforeseeable negative consequences. In addition, it is unmixed that the US profoundly lacked continuity in its foreign policy even after the expulsion of Soviets, it abandoned Afghanistan, as it had no plans and strategies for the countrys hereafter apart from the its revenge to Soviet. Therefore, Taliban as well as the al Qaeda took advantage of the situation since the US concentrated on the imminent problems, and failed to anticipate and nullify potential threats (Jalal, 2010). Thus, from the war is that it is important for the US or any other country to deploy resources in assisting in times of crisis especially in wars and when the peril app bently passes, it should ensure stability has been fostered in the war regions. Another crucial lesson in the war regards the role of women in politics like heiress Joanne, who are important allies in political undertakings since they have the time, vision, passion and means for organizing extra-governmental activities . This is because American women can arrange parties, invite key players and inconspicuously achieve results victimisation their charm and perseverance that enables them to reach the mighty. In this case, they fund or sponsor non-governmental propagandas attacks and at times political-military movements therefore, women usually are the main supporters of public mediation as well as private undercover activities. Consequently, influential American women influence their wealthy friends to support generously any kind of adventure this is common, and does not save apply in Afghanistan (Michael, 2003). The other insight from the war is the concern relating to the informal aspects of democratic clay like backdoor deals being the norm in congress, where politicians accepts perks in corridors, clubs and lobbies. Moreover, the system is often bi-partisan considering that obscure things mysteriously appear to be part of agenda and get voted in. Nevertheless, the war portrays the US respons e to be firmly rooted in the USs rampant anti-communism following the disaster in Vietnam. Americans fear of the communism expansion drove them to support Mujahedeen, as replicated in the famous speaking used by Charlie in bolstering backing for his cause. This

Heart of Darkness (ANALYTICAL ESSAY ) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heart of Darkness (ANALYTICAL ) - Essay ExampleA team of men is on the Thames waiting for the wind to take proper direction. Marlow whose profession is non clearly defined becomes the narrator in the story and hence represents the voice of the author. He then moves on to talk of Europe having some of the darkest places on earth. He talks of his expedition to Africa, which opened his eyes to the evils of colonization. Illness has been discussed explicitly in the story at different points of time. The Russian companion of Kurtz who went through subsequent illnesses narrates the supra lines to Marlow during their meet. The illnesses are very symbolic of the dark environment of colonization where Kurtz was more feared for his whims than respected by the natives who therefore followed his orders like that of God. Sickness has been elaborately discussed through forth the novella not just physical tho mental sickness as well. In this context the passage On the contrary. It appears their i ntercourse had been very much down in the mouth by various causes. . smiling continuously at some endless and jocose dream of that eternal slumber (Conrad, 153-159) could be analyzed. Sometimes they resulted from obsession as it did in case of Kurtz (obsessed with possession of ivory) who once tried to shoot his manager who has been giving him company through all times in order to sustain some ivory from him. When the Russian says, they natives adored him (Conrad, 154), the tone implies something more that the words reveal. This was later revealed further as the manager told him about his experiences with Kurtz. The man saw no reason for things, which came, in the way of his demands. When he asked for the ivory he placed his most loyal companion, the Russian, under his guns point, which surely surprised Marlow, who has been find the devotion of the Russian towards Kurtz for quite some time The man filled his life, occupied his thoughts, swayed his emotions (Conrad, 154). The Rus sian went on to tell Marlow that he had requested Mr. Kurtz to go brook from this life which he himself did not quite like, but despite agreeing to him initially he stayed on and the Russian was determined to stick to him. What is notable in the bear on passage is the strong devotion of the Russian despite facing all odds with his companion. In fact when Marlow called him mad, the Russian strongly protested. This reflect once once again the psychological state of the Russian who was an enthusiastic young man but wasted his years quite gladly in the woods merely out of devotion towards Mr. Kurtz. The author brings in the silence and unperturbed nature around the men, which was rather suffocating, to Marlow The woods were unmoved, like a mask -- heavy, like the closed entrance of a prison -- they looked with their air of hidden knowledge, of patient expectation, of unapproachable silence (Conrad, 157). On one hand the woods had a lot of give but lay quite some stress and absorbed a lot from life. Staying alone in such a land perhaps took the toll on Mr. Kurtz and his companion. As the appetite for more ivory had got the give way of theless material aspirations Kurtz gathered more natives who apparently adored him but Marlow by now knew better (Conrad, 157). Another evidence of mental sickness arising out of the wild surroundings is the heads that surrounded Kurtzs house, perhaps to fill the gaps in his life. The Russian must amaze had a strong influence on his mind especially

Clean room assignment engineering practice Lab Report

Clean room assignment engineering practice - Lab tale ExampleThe next step in the fabrication process is to create the buried channels by implanting phosphorous ions in areas that will eventually be covered by polysilicon gate electrodes. The n-type semiconductor formed by phosphorus contains negatively diluted electrons as the primary charge carriers and forms a pn-type diode structure, which serves to put potential wells deep beneath the silicon/silicon dioxide interface. The potential well illustrated in the central portion of ikon 1 is a stately drawing of the diode structure.The primary function of the buried channel is to localize integrated electrons away from the silicon/silicon dioxide interface, where they can become trapped during charge transfer. By localizing charge deep within the p-type silicon substrate, transfer of charge occurs more efficiently with a minimum of residual charge remaining in the gate.After the buried channels are formed within the silicon substra te, a layer of silicon dioxide is thermally grown on the silicon wafer get hold to provide an insulating base for the gate electrodes. Next, a phosphorous-doped layer of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) about 5,000 angstroms thick is grown on top of the oxide layer. This layer of polysilicon comprises the gate electrodes (see Figure 1) and is transparent to visible light, making it an ideal substance for use in CCDs. Although, the fabrication of a complete CCD takes additional steps, the basics of the MOS capacitor assembly declare been completed at this point.I Vs V Characteristics(According to M.Aceves, O.Malik, V. Grimalsky V.5 No. 2 (2004) P. 236-237), National land for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics ( INAOE), Electronics Department.)The dynamic I-V characteristics of these MOS structures when linear voltage sweep (60 v/ sec) was applied to the metallike semitransparent gate is shown in the diagrams below. Dynamic I-V Characteristics of fabricated MOS capacitor wi th silicon dioxide as insulator with positive (above) and negative (below) charge recorded when a angular sweep voltage ( 60 v/s) was applied to the gate. ReferencesProcess specialities IncDavidson Michael - National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,1800 East Paul Dirac Dr, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310Aceves, Malik, Grimalsky - National Institute for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics ( INAOE), Electronics Department, P.O 51 AND 216, Puebla, Pue, Mexico. Physics and

Renting an Apartment Is a Better Option than Buying a House Essay

Renting an Apartment Is a Better Option than Buying a House - Essay ExampleCorrect scotch decisions are very essential in the long run and can prove to be beneficial. One such economic decision relates to the choice with dissemble to lease an apartment or purchasing a house. This choice is an extremely important decision that needs to be taken with care as two renting an apartment and buying a house have their own positive points as well as drawbacks. There are supporters of both these decisions with a few people considering renting as a better pickax whereas the other group believes that buying is a much wiser decision. Thus, it can be say that renting and buying have their own benefits and drawbacks and a decision needs to be based according to personal needs and the option which serves as a more profitable settlement for the person. Renting is basically a process in which a person rents a house or an apartment for a living but does not have any ownership rights over the hous e. He has an obligation towards the landlord of a paying a fixed amount to him each month according to the joint decision taken by them. Renting can be considered to be a good option for people who use up to shift every now and then. This is because a person can easily leave a rented house and move to another city rather than having the pack of actually going through the process of selling his house after a few months. Thus it is argued that renting is the best option for people who do not wish to stay in one place for more than a period of two years (Rockwell Publishing Co. 2006, Law 2003). According to doubting Thomas Z. Lys who is a professor of accounting at Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, If you believe youll be moving in the next four or five years, Id rent. The New York Times carried out a survey in this regard and provided for the fact that owing to the rise in the prices of buying a house, renting is a very suitable option considering the economi c factors. The analysis identified very important facts that renting an apartment was a better and reasonable option if considered from the financial point of view.

Greek Civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Greek Civilization - Assignment ExampleThe major thinkers that have existed in this world have roots in ancient Greece. The elegance of the Greeks grew in small city-states (Montgomery, para 4). An individual city-state was made up of a town which was surrounded by many other villages. There was a lot of tilth from where town residents could get their food. Many of the small city-states of the Greek civilization had a lot of rivalries they were characterized by constant fighting. It is, however, important to note that the citizens of particular city states were very patriotic and took a keen interest in affairs of their states.Among those many city states, two of them were most significant the Sparta state and the Athens state. These cities are know to have been the first to establish mature democracies. It was difficult for these states to form a single united nation(Montgomery, para 13-17,). However, a few things bound them together their diction was common, religion and cultur al practices played this important role. This gave the ancient Greeks a feeling that they were totally different people compared to others whom they tagged as barbarians. Ancient Greek civilization is much attributed to its formidable political structures as well as geographical location. These two factors placed it in a strategic position which accelerated its growing and development. Geographical factors were the prime reason for its growth, compared to other near eastern civilizations, the Greek civilization existed between several ranges of mountain ranges.

Self-Disclosure Gender and Communication Assignment

Self-Disclosure Gender and Communication - Assignment ExampleWithout self-disclosure in a alliance is non the key to a happy marriage because the people involved do not get to know each other from a face-to-face perspective. She supports her arguments using evidence from other research studies such as the one conducted by a research scientist from the Institute for Social Research at simoleons University. Well, there are views that I support in her argument, but I do not agree with other statements. For example, at the beginning of the article Schoenberg (2011) says that found on the data obtained from a scientist who studied 373 married couples, a two-hour conversation may at times entail topics that are not of value. I differ with the results obtained from this study because of two reasons. These are results that only present a section of the worlds couple population. Further more than, it is my view that couples are very different and it is not all the couples who are in a po sition to have self-disclosure. Additionally, I think that by the time a couple is 20 or more years old, they are likely to have developed a way to communicate with each other even if they at times sit together and focus on topics that are not promoting self-disclosure.Though that is the point that I do not readily agree with rough Schoenbergs article, she still manages to impel me that self-disclosure makes a partner feel loved, special and cared for, by the other partner. It is also true that men favor gestures and women favor verbal affirmations from their partners. As a soul in a relationship, I support this view because I noted that my partner is always in a happy mood after she discloses to me about her fears, goals, and values. In my experience, I also feel more appreciated when she surprises me with my favorite food or movies among other things. These are gender differences and I agree with Schoenberg (2011) because, in chapter 2 of Beebe, Beebe, Remond and Geerinsks (20 10) book, we learn that the masculine gender high interactive.

Answer question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Answer question - Essay ExampleSamsara is a complex state of the mind where a recreation occurs in the material world. In Buddhism, the process necessitates three crucial states of beginning, death and the recreation of an individual. An individual experience process when the mind wonders in a systematic ritual. Buddhism describes Samsara as the desires to recreate existence within the mind while opening and closing the eyes within different intervals (Wangu, 2009). The existence provides other fundamental interaction platforms of individuals within the recreational process. Samsara entails the Karma as a recycled process of birth. Buddha offered guidance on how to stop the process through individual determination and decision.The process of Samsara and Nirvana entail complex mental states that transform the individual mind. The belief on both(prenominal) the processes lacks the concept of reality but entail a defined existence. In Buddhism, both processes occur because of individu al decision to existence and self-acceptability. The mind is the distinguishing element to define and relate the two

Motivation of Employees in relation to managment in a organizational Research Paper

Motivation of Employees in relation to managment in a organizational setting - Research Paper Example..10 advanced management motivational tools.10 ROWE (Result only work environment) program.11 Conclusion.12 References.13 Abstract Motivation is the fuel to pump up the optimistic thought about the job. It is an ineluctable fact which cannot be ignored by any organization. No matter what is the organizational structure of the company, but if the employees are not motivated then the take will fall drasti covery. However, this paper will focus on the motivational tools to reconstruct the organizational structure of the companies who are dealing with call centers. The management duty is vital but all the functions in the Call centers are focused at par with employee satisfactions. This research work is a simple attempt to view out the ultimate motivational and operational loots to encourage the employees to work happily. Introduction The aim of the paper is to investigate the prope r way of practicing the management to achieve the outmatch possible outcome for the call center employees. The recent melody scenarios are very much focused on the positive outcomes. However, the present scenario in the business culture is changing and it is changing with the improvisation of the proper blend of traditional organizational behavioral approaches and the modern culture. The work cultures have changed and so the functions of the management moldiness change accordingly to cope up the advanced employee satisfaction. The motivational tools must be explored beyond the traditional ways to satisfy the new age call center employees. Understanding the work culture in call centers The work culture within a call center is far to a greater extent assorted than any other organization. Most in-chief(postnominal) part is the nature of the job. In most of the call centers employees are young and they look for many options to earn more money. However, the most important fact for th e people who are in the operations of the call center is to keep the employees energy intact. These breaks are very much important to regain the energy and patience to take the calls again. The weekly party, on floor incentives and many more motivational tools are used to keep the employees minds within the jobs. The provision plays a very important role in this scenario. Employees are constantly trained to perform accordingly. The employees in call centers deal with a huge database, and sometimes these database are very expensive and not to be disclosed or used or sold to other party. This can be taken as a serious crime. For an example, after the fraud case in Mphasis, the growth rate of the call centers was expected to go down to 30 percent (Jacques, 2006, p. 105). However, the scenario did changed but towards the positive side. Function of the management Function of the management is one of the most vital factors to practice the best organizational behavior within the organizat ion. However, the functions of

CURRENT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CURRENT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES - Essay Example trio existing models are utilize to connect these communities of networked information hybrid, co-op and federation.Federation combines enterprises that are self-sufficient and maintain an agreement to share and network and allow memory access to information via a peer to peer system. Co-op combines enterprises that are comprised of smaller enterprises using a combined data repository that share their technology and expenses. crossing is obviously a combination of the two which is more than beneficial in larger areas where information is shared across geographical areas. Many are organise originally as non-profit and once established change to a profit status.Creating a health information network that is national should be centralized, available on the internet, be governed by both universal and private organization and be patient centered, complying with all health information security protocols and standards. Cooperation between government and the public sector is essential and regional level networks need to include harmonization (Conn). Uses of health information can include quality assurance, clinical pathways, protocol development, exit measurements, health plan performance and underwriting among many other attributes. A health information system can be used by patients, providers, case managers, do drugs manufacturers, insurance companies, and other payers.Despite technology advances healthcare electronic solutions continue to lag behind other areas in information technology. Electronic personal health care records allow patients to store, view, capture and share information about their health care needs. They are a combination of data, knowledge, and software tools which allow consumers to become more active in their case management. A 2009 survey indicated that 8 of 10 Americans are concerned about their health care data being used inappropriately (McGee). Medical costs are increasing patie nt exposure and

Development of Adult Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Development of Adult study - Research Paper ExampleDevelopment of Adult EducationHe defined that educational learning that is reflective in nature was better obtained through meaningful experiments. On the other hand, the development psychology system defines that adult are psychologically not the same to mean(prenominal) post-adolescent college students. Therefore, it is pertinent that the theories of Erikson, Havighurst, Kolhberg, Gilligan, Magolda and Bronfenbrenner be taken into consideration while dealing with adults. Ultimately, the theory of critical learning has it that sociological analysis of education holds that learning institutions are considered hazardous to the social life of individuals. Most of the people who go to school usually end up oppressed, and this is worsened in the case of an adult amidst teen shape uprs. In this process, the adult are tough so that they may bring new changes to the society through a transformational model engineered by Lindeman. The ab ove three theories explained are crucial in the process of understanding adult development. Based on cross theory, adult learners put on both formal and informal system of learning, in which they face serious predicaments. These issues are usually addressed by the CAL model, which is essential in linguistics. It has also been set that dealing with adults largely depends how they passed the eight psychological stages of development proposed by Erikson (44). According to him, all the stages are crucial since they either impact an individual positively or negatively. The 8 stages range from toddler to late adulthood. Say during the life course of an individual, school age, one underwent an extremely hard time making him or she ingrains a negative attitude in oneself on education. For such a person, it give be hard for him, or her, to successfully undergo adulthood education. This is because the individual will continue suffering the effects of what he or she pass, anytime the word e ducation comes across. This will not be the case for an individual who never had problems during school age he or she will be ready to learn because he has a positive attitude toward education. For adults to learn appropriately, a rather close family relationship should be developed between them and their teachers. Through this, they will be able to share different experiences that they underwent through their learning process. This will make it easier for the teacher to service them whenever necessary. Both teachers and learners should understand that, for the process of learning to be successful, a proper balancing between the needs for the learner and that of the learning process should be fit appropriately. The famous Pedagogy wrote by Freire had it that there should be a mutual relationship between student, teacher and the society. In the light to the above ideology, it was discovered that since the oppressiveness in schools is majorly contribute by teachers, thy also have the power to make schools a better place. With the creation of a conducive atmosphere, many adult and normal students will find it easy to learn, since there will be better co-operation. With reference to the theory of experimental learning, it has been noted by Fosnot that people get to reach

Women Of Color Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Women Of Color - Essay ExampleNo sacrifice was complete without women participate in it. They enjoyed rights equal to men, with full liberty to receive education and prepare themselves in their own manner, to face the arduous battle of life. They had full voice in the settlement of matrimonial relations.Many nations affirm the principle of gender equality. As women continue to advance in most walks of life, the impression that equality has been reached and that gender issues no longer pose real problems has naturally gained ground. Yet, many cultural, economic and kindly barriers remain. Although as many women as men possess the skills necessary to shape social and economic development, women are still prevented from fully participating in decision-making processes. Today the role of men and women in our society is both collaborative and supplementary. During the last tailfin decades women have entered in increasing numbers into salaried and remunerative occupations as well as pro fessions, which were previously the exclusive preserve of men. Today the difference that duration women in former days worked along with men in the fields, now they work in factories or offices. The myth of male superiority is only(prenominal) a distortion that came in the wake of growing male domination. It is a paradox that there should be an increase in crimes against women, especially in the face of big strides being made by them in various walks of life. Emancipation of women has occupied an important place in the scheme for social reforms undertaken in developing countries of Asia and Africa, in the later half on the 19th century. Violence against women remains pervasive worldwide a major health and human rights concern. Women can experience physical or mental abuse throughout their lifecycle, in infancy, childhood and/or adolescence, or during adulthood or older age. It is the most atrocious manifestation of the systemic discrimination and inequality women continue to fac e, in law and in their everyday lives, around the world. It occurs in every region, country, and culture, regardless of income, class, race or ethnicity. Violence against women in developing countries have becoming mere frequent and is alarmingly on the increase. Today in almost every stratum of our social life, women are treated as inferior creatures. Almost all countries go about shouting about constitutional equality between man and women, but have but to go long way before women find an equally safe and honorable place in society. The newspaper daily read and hears about ladies support in busy localities being murdered in broad daylight. It is so because they have some yellow metal on them. Rape is not the only motive force behind the crimes against women. A woman, by her very constitution, is vulnerable. In poor countries Young girls are deceived on promises of a decent job or marriage. Once a girl has fallen, she is blackmailed into a life of vice. To get a feel of the wide spread evil of crime against women, only requirement is to know the experiences of on the job(p) girls from the moment they leave their home up to the time of their return. At all times they are

Exploring how Japanese managers adapt in the United States Essay

Exploring how Japanese managers adapt in the United States - Essay ExampleThis in turn makes the organizations to send their local professionals to foreign countries. This however happens most of the time. In order to survive in a foreign country, one of the things that will make it easy for you is to understand the finish of your host country. This enables smooth and effective communication. In understanding the culture of that given country, the most important thing that the Japanese learn is in particular what each society and what they display mean. Cultural adaptations should be on the key front when these manager of organizations decide that they are to send their employees to work in a foreign country (Hoecklin 1995). By implementing a buffer level of cultural adaptation in main settings, professionals create more effectual business relationships, in that way furthering tactical corporate goals. Globalization generates naked as a jaybird business opportunities for multinat ional corporations (MNCs) These MNCs increasingly employ expatriation approaches to make their entrance in to markets that are new easy and to administer their coworkers. As much as the responsibility of the worker who is sent to a foreign country is very important, the strategy in which they adapt in is surrounded with a lot of danger. Additionally, the emigrant also posses multiple risks for instance if their result outcome is low, this leads to major financial hitches to the organization. (Hodgetts 2005). Many expletory studies of how Japanese emigres become given over to working in the United States by and by a while have been conducted at length. The final results recommend that the managers of Japanese origin adapt ways that are way above their normal concrete and vigor in their stay in the United States. It is also to be noted that the bigger the group of emigres, the... For managers to be effectual in becoming accustomed to their know-how and practices in an overseas coun try, it is clear that they must have fine technical knowledge in management, excellent understanding of local culture that is culture-specific knowledge in addition to high-quality cross-cultural communications abilities. even though it may be fair to presume that all migr managers sent abroad have to necessarily be technically suitable which may differ in some cases, it should be comprehended that being able to function well in ones own culture does not automatically imply that one can do well in a different culture. This possibly will not just be due to the lack of cultural knowledge.To be efficient as a manager in ones own culture does not usually necessitate one to question lots of the cultural suppositions behind ones actions or to recognize the causes actions, whether they are technically necessary or culturally pleasing to attain good outcomes. To be able to transplant management or technical processes in a different culture, or to expand such processes from zero or from ac cessible local processes, would necessitate one to question many essential suppositions and to set up the fresh premises based on fine perceptive of in cooperation technical and cultural requirements. It is this final feature of technical capability, which is often tricky to identify. Though, such competence are most probably there in people who are inventive in their own culture, such as those who are capable of setting up novel processes and systems to manage with environmental changes at home and to augment organizational efficiency otherwise, such capability could also be tack in people who have already a triumphant track record in cross-cultural management.

Outbound Tourism from China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Outbound Tourism from China - Essay ExampleFurthermore, the compute of Chinese be activeing to other abroad grew by over 25 per cent between 2000 and 2006 BNET. For instance, in the year 2005 the Chinese made 31 gazillion overseas trips (Cochrane 2008).The current high figures of outbound touristry from China did not grow overnight. Chinas policies in the past were restrictive and this minimized the number of travels by the Chinese in years before 1990 (Wen & Tisdel, 2001). For example, before 1990, the Chineses travel abroad was mainly restricted to official visits or commercials functions rather than for holiday or leisure (Wen & Tisdel, 2001). nigh(a) tidings came in 1990 when China began relaxing its policies on outbound travel, first allowing visits to Southeast Asian counties for tourism purposes (Gu & Ratliff 2006). Perhaps this is the reason why outbound travel by the Chinese to the countries in this region is high. Along this line, BNET noted that the vast majority of overseas trips made by Chinese in 2005 were targeted for Hong Kong and Macau. In the 1998, the fall number of Chinese who made overseas trips was 8.4 million, of which 5.2 travellers were doing business while the rest were on private functions (Wen & Tisdel, 2001).Chinas rising middle class income and an increasing crave to prove the rest of the world make the country a significant outbound tourism market (Wen & Tisdel, 2001).. As cited above, China is progressively easing foreign travel policies and this adds impetus on the need to travel abroad. The rising levels of disposable income among the Chinese and constant exposure to foreign countries through television and the Internet have greatly contributed to the increase in outbound tourism from China (Prasad & Barnett 2004). The increase in number of travel agencies is indicative of the increase in number of outbound tourists. As an illustration, the number of travel agencies rose from 6,222 in 1998 to 11,552 in 2002 (Prasad & Ba rnett 2004). That a rise incomes among the Chinese and outbound travel policies have been phenomenal in promoting Chinas outbound tourism cannot be gainsaid. However, the two factors per se cannot be acclaimed to be determinants of outbound tourism. Other factors such as government limitations on the countries to which to travel come into play. For example, there is a list of countries that have an Approved Destination Status to which Chinese can freely travel (Lew et al 2002). Outside these countries, Chinese towards are perceived to be risking their lives (Lew et al 2002).The above factors and many others such as personal preferences and choices affect Chinas outbound travel. A backchat of the same and appraisal of relevant statistics forms the basis of discussion of this paper. Factors that have promoted Chinas outbound travel and tourism Changes in outbound travel policy China had a strict outbound travel policy that proscribe the Chinese from traveling overseas until 1983 (Zh ang, Pine & Lam 2005). The Chinese government

The Similarities and Differences of Two Early Civilizations Essay

The Similarities and Differences of Two Early Civilizations - Essay ExampleThere argon various characteristics of nuances, including the type of subsistence, form of government, economic system, education, social stratification, and human settlement patterns. Moreover, civilizations are characterized by religious beliefs, art, and architecture among different aspects (Trigger, 2007, pp. 57-65). This paper is a critical examination of the Nile valley and Mesopotamia ancient civilizations. Discusion The Nile valley civilization existed back in the 3000 BC and it consisted of three major civilizations, namely Nubia, Egypt, and Kush (Ikram, 2009). Geographically, the Nile valley civilization was located in the Lower Egypt in the river Niles delta and in the Upper Egypt along the river in Africas interior. The rich alluvial and silt deposits of River Nile provided the Nile valley civilization with rich agricultural land for farming along the banks and the delta. The inhabitants dug comp lex channels to irrigate their crops from the amniotic fluid of the river. The government of the Nile valley civilization became theocratic after the unification of the Upper and Lower Kingdoms in 3100 BCE (Ikram, 2009). Pharaoh became the ruler of the unified Egyptian kingdom after mental hospital of the first dynasty in the civilization. Theocratic government implies that pharaohs were regarded as gods, and they served as political and religious leaders (Scarre & Fagan, 2007). Egyptians believed that pharaohs were omnipresent and continued ruling after death. Consequently, their bodies were mummified, preserved, and buried in special tombs enclosed in huge pyramids. The Nile valley civilization was polytheistic and believed in life after death. The society of ancient Nile civilization was stratified and consisted of 4 classes, namely the royal family (Pharaoh), upper, middle, and lower classes. The upper class consisted of priests, government officials, landowners, and military leaders while the middle class consisted of traders and other skilled people. The peasant farmers and other unskilled people belonged to the lowest class (Trigger, 2007). Nile valley civilization provided social mobility people from the lower class could rise to middle and upper classes through impenetrable work or marriage. Men and women had almost equal rights, sharing privileges such as education, seeking divorce, and property ownership (Ikram, 2009). According to Scarre and Fagan (2007), Mesopotamia was located between Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Persian Gulf and it is the oldest recorded civilization. The rivers provided water for irrigation and fertile silt, which formed rich agricultural land for the Mesopotamians. These favorable conditions amidst the harsh desert climate in the office attracted the settlement of Sumerians. Sumerians are credited for the creation of the earliest civilization in Mesopotamia and for introducing city-states, education, and better tec hnology in addition to foundation of organized institutions. Though city-states shared out the same culture, they were autonomous. Each city-state had its own government that was led by its own leaders (Trigger, 2007). Temple priests led early Sumerian governments. In an economy that relied hard on agriculture, farmers believed in appeasing the gods to enhance agricultural production. Therefore, the priests were regarded as the appropriate leaders to mediate between the farmers and the gods. However, military rulers later took over the leadership of Mesopotamia civilization

Effects of Evaluation and Monitoring of Ecde Programmes Essay Example for Free

Effects of Evaluation and Monitoring of Ecde Programmes EssayThe researcher will attempt to investigate the background information, statement of the problem, purpose of the study objective of the study, portentous of the study, limitation of the study and delimitation of the study. The period between 0-6 days is overly referred to as formative years. According to guideline series (2006) children ar extremely mutu completelyy beneficial on the people for life sustaining support for example in provision of food, shelter, clothing and attention.Through interaction, punishment and rewards children turn to be individuals whom teachers, parents and other care givers necessitate them to be. This period is very important for children because it is the foundation of their total life. Experiences of these years continue to influence the individual throughout life. It is in like manner a period of the fastest offset and development in all aspects. The brain of the child is most mal leable at this stage and hence influences such as care have great impact.It is therefore very important to invest in early years of a child because research findings show that holistic development of an individual is during thee years Ragor(2008). Most recognized psychologist like Freud and Piaget came up with their theories later many years of observing infants in their formative years. In the united states of America(USA), the CCB is dedicated to enhancing the quality and affordable child care services for all families that was agree internet(July 2001).CCB administers federal funds to states territories and tribes to assist low income families in accessing child care service while parents accede in education or training activities. CCB also funds a network of Technical Assistance projects that promote quality and strengthen programme administration. It also shares research findings and help policy makers, programme administrators, communities, caregivers and parents to under stand and make good decisions about child care.In Mauritius ECDE is under the Ministry of Women Rights, child development, family welfare and Ministry of Education. 0% of pre-school are run by the state. In 1998 Ministry of Education Acts put the teacher pupil ratio of 119. The sector is dominated by untrained caregivers with no lower limit qualification. There are three types of staff for example school directors, teachers, and assistant teachers. Teachers have a general education of specific training for pre-school teaching provided by credited Mauritius institute of Education. Teachers and their assistants are paid by the government. Teachers, helpers, learners and auxiliary staff are paid by Parents Teachers Association (PTA).The researcher found that in Kenya after independence the government got directly involve in education activities of young children. Nursery schools and Day-care centres were established. They became directly under the Ministry of Health and Home Affairs. T hese ministries inspected schools that were stated at that time. The accountability was later shifted to the Ministry of Education. Many seminars were held which covered all areas including co-ordination, supervision, provision of materials, research and sources of finance.Training programmes were organized for trainers and supervisors so that they could monitors and evaluate ECDE programmes in the grassroots level. However currently according to Ngaroga(2006) the government to contributed to the current expenditure on early childhood development education (ECDE) is 0. 1% where as the primary education is free. At the county level, the ECDE teachers are employ and paid by different employers namely community, parents, local authorities or Faith Based Organizations (FBO).This combination of emotional security and stimulation does not just now happen. Those developing and implementing curriculum should bear in mind the ways in which they will create these. Active planning of good r outine and activities as swell as toys and equipment that will encourage children to play and explore is fundamental. Teachers, caregivers and parents ought to have knowledge skills and attitudes towards helping children to acquire them. Despite government vision to have education for all by the year (2015), quality education has never been realized since the ECDE sector has not been given the attention it deserves.Ngaroga(2005) states that little has been done about educational judging which should be conducted by various professionals in order to establish the educational needs of the child. This involves very thorough examination of the child in relation to the capabilities and obstructer the child is identified to be having. This assessment involves various personnel in different fields. Evaluation and monitoring motivates the learner and measures his or her achievement of the intended objectives and progress.It also enables teachers to give an objective report of an individu al childs performance and determine the usefulness of the method used in teaching children. Thus provides the buttocks for improving educational programmes.

Film Analysis Update Essay Example for Free

Film Analysis Update EssayI have selected the get hold of Elizabeth the Golden Age because I became extremely fascinated on why of all the monarchs who have ruled England, she is the monarch that has been included in various forms of literature as well as having an era in Englands history named after her. After selecting the movie house for this paper, I first watched the entire movie without pausing and safe noting down scenes that I considered as the most important. After that I watched the film again carefully so much so that I would pause the film once in a while in order to note down important parts of the film. My next step was to go to the Library and began to topic the book Englands Elizabeth an Afterlife in Fame and Fantasy by Michael Dobson and Nicola J. Watson in order to get a better understanding how authors, poets and filmmakers have represent sissy Elizabeth I in various forms of literature and productions. The best resource materials I came across were Behi nd the Mask the Life of Queen Elizabeth I by Jane Rush Thomas since it gave a very objective outlook on the life of Queen Elizabeth I.In the paper, the summary of the film would first be presented on the paper followed by the presentation of information from resource materials which would either support or challenge certain scenes in the movie, specifically the role of Mary Stuart in the attempted assassination of Queen Elizabeth I and the war between Spain and England. From there a comparison on the accuracy of the depiction of this chapter in the life of Queen Elizabeth I in the film will be analyzed since there were some events shown in the film that appear to contradict historical documentations.

Individual Rationality and Collective Rationality Essay Example for Free

Individual tenability and Collective Rationality Essay1. Introduction of Double AuctionAs cardinal of the most popular counseling to trade, sell bridge has a long history. According to the different good-hearteds of commercialize structure, there are deuce kinds of auction, one-side auction and two-side auction (i.e. prototype auction). Compared with one-side auction, the food market structure of the bivalent auction is m all-to-many, which means that there are to a greater extent than one marketer and more than one purchaser, so twain the emptors and sellers lose their deliver comparative service which exists in one-side auction. The relationship mingled with them is a kind of equality between demand and picture.In recent years, with the development of the global economy, there are more ch all in allenges for new auction theory and its applications, which are shown in the next aspects. First, with the development of the Internet and communication technologies, e-commerce has become a new business method. At the kindred time, internet auction has been widely employd in the field of e-commerce. Since auction is widely used in the field of trading non-scarcity goods, it changes structure of auction, which used to be based on the vendees market or the sellers market. As double auction can solve the problem of connivance and malignant bid, it has become a widely used way in e-commerce.For example, two NYSE and Chicago Exchange have put different kinds of double auction into practice. With the growing of financial market and e-commerce, the contract for better auction rules is surely increasing. Besides, as enterprise restructuring has become a hot topic, double auction is found to be a way to deal with property relationss, mergers and acquisitions. Whats more, with the upgrade of demand structure, the diversification strategy for enterprise business and influence of the supply chain management, there are diversified production, diversifi ed manufacturing and diversified demand. Many famous car companies such as Ford are using combinatorial double auction to the sale and purchase of auto parts. When auction is used in the above fields with various needs, there is a great need for the development of new auction pattern.Compared with other auction mechanisms, double auction can not only solve the problem of monopoly, but alike quash the duration and costs of trade. However, there are still some problems some it, such as trading rules, the way to lay off information and the formation of transaction wrong.According to the above reasons, double auction has attracted much attention. And the core theories about it are Smiths mystery and Hayek problem, which approximate to explain how the double auction can reach the proportion toll and equilibrium quantity predicted by the demand-supply model, under the conditions that there is no complete information and few people in the auction.2. Design of ExperimentIn order t o do some further analysis, we conducted an experiment which simplified real double auction situations with the help of several undergraduate students under four hypothesissFirst, rational man assumption, which means everyone wants to maximize his/her profit. Second, the goods are homogeneous, so there is no monopoly. Third, there is no cost of sending or getting information, i.e. the transaction cost is zero. Fourth, the participants have no information about the experiment parameter (the value for emptor or cost for seller) before they substance the experiment.(2) Trading rulesa. When the trade begins, the buyers give their quotes first. Who raises his hand first allow quote first. Then, the sellers spin the price they ask. b. Both the sellers and the buyers dont k now the information about the other side. c. When quoting, the seller must ask for a price that is lower than the causation seller, and the buyer must ask for a price that is higher than the former buyer. When the price of the two sides is equal, a transaction is reached. d. The trade for each group is divided into three periods and each period lasts for 5 minutes.(3)Trading stepsa. Divide all the participants into two groups, buyer and seller, and each group has 8 people. b. Zero degree trade. In order to make the participants familiar with the rules, there is a zero phase trading, the result of which is not included into the final result. c. Begin official trade.d. End trade and take down all the results, including every participants own profit in each period and their total profits.Double Auction Experiment1. Concept Definition and Parameter SettingsIf we carefully consider each quoting process, we will find the game process in double auction. There are inside game and outside game in the experiment. Firstly, there is among-group game between buyer and seller and they want to drive down or push up prices to earn as much profit as possible. And based on the theoretical design, a buyer and a seller can be trading at least one unit of commodity in one trading period. Experiment shows that each buyer and seller generally trade exactly once each period.Secondly, there is within-group game both among buyers and among sellers. Taking buyer as an example, when the seller quotes a price, buyer X can choose to trade or wait. If choosing to trade, he will probably miss a coterminous lower quoted price although obtaining a certain surplus. However, if he chooses to wait, then the other buyers may intervene in transaction, which constitute competition for buyer X. Each buyer and seller should consider the competition within group, acting as an one-on-one in the game. Mean era, they should withal consider the competition between groups, acting both as an soul and a group in the game.As can be seen, the core of the complex game process is the relationship of individual- incarnate interaction. By observing energising transaction and competitive process among individual, betwe en the individual and the collective and between the collective, we try to find the interpretation of some problems. Therefore, constructing appropriate parameters, we proceed from rational assumption to define individual understanding and collective tenableness respectively.(1) Constructing quoted price functions of the buyer and the seller Firstly, assuming the quoted price function of the buyer i is bidi = vi(1-i) where bidi denotes the quoted price of buyer i, vi denotes the willing-to-pay of buyer i, i denotes judge rate of submit.Secondly, assuming the quoted price function of the seller is askj = cj(1+j) where askj denotes the quoted price of seller j, cj denotes the cost of seller j, j denotes the expected rate of return of seller j.(2) According to the market parameters and theoretical equilibrium price(7.8) of buyer and seller, we can calculate the cadence rate of return of every buyer and seller, i* and j*, respectively.(3) On this basis, we assume that individual c ause index is bri=i/i* of the buyer, srj= j/j* of the seller. The higher the index, the higher is the degree of the buyer or the sellers individual rationality, for it indicates more incentive to maximize their interests strongly. The standard individual rationality is 1, indicating that the expected rate of return and the actual rate of return of the buyer or the sellers are consistent.(4) Similarly, we can define the buyers collective rationality index as sbri=i/i*, where i is the average expected rate of return of all the buyers who participate in a transaction, i* is the standard average rate of return of the buyers. Whats more, we can define the sellers collective rationality index as ssrj=j/j*. The higher the index, the higher is the degree of collective rationality, because it indicates more strongly motivation to maximize their collective interests. The standard collective rationality is excessively 1, indicating that the expected collective rate of return and the actual co llective rate of return of the buyer or the sellers are consistent.2. Analysis of ParametersIn order to nurture the market inefficiency of the second group, we selected two sets of data as a typical example. Group 1s transaction price is equal to the theoretical equilibrium price (7.8), while Group 2s transaction price is far from the theoretical equilibrium price, only 6.3.Lets observe the quoted price of the buyers and the sellers in the first group,We find that in the second offer, S2s quoted price fell directly from 10 to 7.5, its price is less than the theoretical equilibrium price 7.8, which makes the sellers quoted price become farther and farther away from the equilibrium price. Instead, the buyers offer is steadily rising with smaller fluctuation, which makes the buyers successfully lower price.Lets move to the quotes of the buyers and sellers from Group 2.Obviously, the quote fluctuations of both sides are smaller and the final equilibrium price (Pe) is closer to the idea l value. Therefore, we may infer that in the double auctions where the deem of quotations reaches a certain level, if we want the final transaction price to be close to the theoretical equilibrium price, fluctuations in both quotations cannot be too great, otherwise it will be very easy to deviate from Pe, consequently make either buyer side or seller side gains too much surplus.The reason why we emphasize a certain level of the yield of quotations is that if either one side of the bidders or the askers offers a price that is quite close to the expected one, a deal is very likely to be made. Actually, we do see lots of restless transactions in the experiment, especially the 2nd some of Group 1, where there would be expected to exist fluctuation.But that quick deal is based on that either buyer or seller or both of them have an intuition about Pe or are patently informed of that price. If the information for both sides is so inadequate or even zero, then it will seem quite impo rtant to estimate Pe by price fluctuation during the first several quotes. On the other hand, however, substantial quote fluctuations will not only compress the quote space afterwards, but also impair ones own market spot, while increasing the other sides market power and surplus.Lets now look at the changes in individual rate of return and individual rationality index of Group 1 and 2.Group 1A. Expected score of ReturnThe fluctuation of expected rate of return is distinct around the seller S2, where the expected rate of return of buyers is far higher than that of the sellers.B. Individual RationalityAs can be seen, buyers individual rationality fluctuates more than the sellers, while the degree of buyers individual rationality (1, since round 2) is much higher than that of sellers (1, and decreasing since round 2). Thus, we can assume that there is a collective irrational phenomenon among the sellers.Usually, both buyer and seller will hope to receive higher surplus and try to ma ke the price more beneficial to themselves. So its reasonable to see that individual rationality index fluctuates a bit around the standard line or even higher than it, just to make the final transaction price and surplus closer to the theoretical ones.But in this case, seller S2 suddenly lowers his expected rate of return (from the normal 2.22 to 0.86), probably because he underestimates Pe or just wants to quickly sell the product. Its quite hard for the hobby sellers to reach the ideal level, but can only quote under 1, giving buyers more space for quote and more power to control the market.If the sellers following S2 used to have higher expectation than 1, then a phenomenon called inconsistency of collective rationality occurs by the influence of inconsistency of individual rationality. When it happens, the irrational collectivitys power is impaired and Pe and surplus will end up more beneficial to the other collectivity. As can be seen from the experiment results, the collecti ve rationality index of buyers is 2.793, which is much higher than that of sellers, 0.808.Group 2A. Expected Rate of ReturnThe expected rate of return fluctuates more, comparatively. Whats more important, the values of both sides are quite close.B. Individual RationalityThis corresponds to our previous analysis. The individual rationality index of both buyers and sellers is always larger and very close to Group 1. The individual rationality equals to the standard individual rationality when the final deal is made. In this situation, the quote range and market power for both sides are similar without any doubt. The price at equilibrium and the surplus are close to the theoretical value. Therefore, we can think that there is no disturbance of individual rationality to collective rationality for both sides. From the perspective of collective rationality index, sbri=1.879ssrj=1.692the difference is relatively small and both values are larger than 1.From the analysis above, the following could be inferred. In certain times of quote, if the markets transaction price and surplus diverge from the theoretical Pe and surplus, there must exist a minus disturbance of individual rationality to collective rationality for one side which enables the other side to have dominant power of quote. In another way, if the markets transaction price and surplus are close to theoretical values, there is going to appear two cases.First, individual rationality and collective rationality are in accordance with each other for both sides and both have the similar market power which results in mutual antagonism second, disturbances for both sides may be very large and the rationality values are not close at all, which does not show in all the experimental data while it could be thought to exist theoretically. The values are close only at the transaction price and it is based on an lucid premise that the values are larger than 1, since as long as one value is less than 1, it is very easy ( not necessarily) to fall to a unclouded position (which usually happens in the first round of Group 2). The way to analyze these three situations is pretty similar to the one analyzing monopoly and competitive markets. The key element is the effect of the relation between individual rationality and collective rationality to market power.ConclusionFrom the analysis above, we can reach a primary endpoint that the quote from a single seller or buyer can affect the formation and the result of market equilibrium. We can use individual-collective rationality model to explain the process. Individual rationality can cause a destabilization to collective rationality (resulting in remarkable fluctuation), when the destabilization is small, which means that the individual rationality that causes it is not less than one, the collective rationality still tends to be consistent and this will not have a significant effect on the market power of both sides.But when the destabilization is large, which means that the individual rationality that causes it is less than one, there will be a significant effect on the consistency of the collective rationality, so there will be a change of the two sides market power. Then, the equilibrium price and the surplus of both sides also change. So, there is a kind of tension between individual desirability and collective desirability.There are some points that we need to pay attention to. First, this kind of relationship becomes more obvious with the increasing of quotation times during one period. The deeper reason for this is the lack of information and each side has to continuously probe and tries to release as much information, which can maximize his profit, as possible, no matter whether the information is true. If the deal can be reached within one or two times, there will be no such complex game about the info releasing and collecting. Second, in reality, the destabilization is always negative (i.e. a sudden decrease in bid or expe cted return), which indicates the bounded rationality. We dont need to take positive destabilization into account.So, how can we use this model to explain the non efficiency phenomenon of market in double auction? There are two aspects that we need to pay attention to. First, the relationship of individual rationality and collective rationality has an effect on the market power, and then affects the equilibrium price and the ratio of the surplus of both sides the price either has a bad effect on the sellers or the buyers (In our experiment, it is the sellers that lose).Thus, some buyers or sellers that could have entered the deal are kicked off now, which leads to some deadweight loss. Second, when the market power is out of balance, the number of games between buyers and sellers will increase. Lets take the third group (whose transaction price is averagely 10% less than theoretical Pe) as an example. When the buyers realize their power and advantage, they will wait the sellers to d ecrease the price. At that time, from the perspective of buyers, the earnings of waiting is larger than the risk. The sellers are forced to decrease the price, but only for a shortsighted each time to avoid a worse price. As a result, during the limited trading times, the number of transactions decreases, which leads to further deadweight loss.References1. JAVIER GIL-BAZO, DAVID MORENO, AND MIKEL TAPIA, Price Dynamics, Informational Efficiency, And Wealth distribution in Continuous Double-Auction Markets, Computational Intelligence, Volume 23, Number 2, 2007 2. Charles A.Holt, Loren W.Langan, Anne P.Villamil, Market power in oral double auctions Economic Inquiry, 241 (1986Jan.) p.1073. Juliette Rouchier, Stphane Robin, Simulation turn 4. Darren Duxbury, Experimental Evidence on Trading Behavior, Market Efficiency and Price Formation in Double Auctions with Unknown Trading Duration