Valentines writing paper
Monday, August 24, 2020
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Men are Becoming More Evil Essay
I accept that over the most recent few decades man is getting progressively abhorrent. Many accuse the media. At that point there are the individuals who accuse the expanding number of useless family and the debilitating connection among guardians and youngsters. Whatever the reason, one thing is clear, and that is men are getting progressively barbarous, brutal, cruel and fiendish. Worldwide crime percentage, for instance, has indicated that all nations around the globe have consistent increment in theft, murder and different violations. The complete recorded wrongdoing patterns have along these lines demonstrated comparable consistent increment over the most recent 50 decades. This was accounted for by the United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems. Adolescent misconduct is additionally expanding as detailed by World Youth Report, 2003. Truth be told, in numerous Western European nations, from the 80s to the 90s, measurements show that there is a huge increment in adolescent misconduct rate from half to 100%. In addition, in spite of the fact that misconduct is all inclusive, study has demonstrated that there are distinctive contributing variables to wrongdoing among various areas. For instance, in Africa, the fundamental driver is neediness, joblessness and ailing health. In Asian nations, it is a urban marvel. In certain nations, particularly those in the Golden Triangle locale, kids are utilized by the medication business, in this manner turning out to be addicts themselves. Likewise in this area, kids are deceived by human dealing. In Latin America, it is vagrancy and neediness. Middle Easterner world, it is urbanization for the rich nations and financial troubles for the creating ones. While in many industrialized nations, for example, the US, the primary factor is increment in buyer merchandise. What this shows is that over the globe and with various variables, wrongdoing is turning into a lifestyle for some youngsters. Gone are the days when youngsters are honest. Today they experience childhood in a universe of viciousness, treachery and cruelty that they themselves become rough, unfeeling and insidious. Their violations can be viewed as generally offensive. Over the most recent fifteen years acts of mass violence is getting progressively normal. At that point there are youngsters who are not even in their teenagers carry out silly and amazingly brutal wrongdoings, for example, Jon Venables andà Robert Thompson who took, tormented and killed a multi year old kid. Regardless of whether this is brought about by nature, the media or family childhood, unmistakably men are hence getting progressively malevolent. Getting malicious obviously is a procedure as it doesn't occur without any forethought. It implies that there is trust yet later on ages. Social orders may change and fiendishness men may apologize and betray their malicious ways. In any case, until that day comes, we see man getting progressively shrewd as time passes.
Thursday, July 16, 2020
The Link Between Alcohol and Aggression
The Link Between Alcohol and Aggression Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Link Between Alcohol and Aggression By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 24, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 24, 2019 Oliver Henze/EyeEm/Getty More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The association between alcohol and aggression is huge, according to Robert O. Pihl, professor of psychology and psychiatry at McGill University. Alcohol is involved in half of all murders, rapes, and assaults, he said. But the dynamics of this association are complicated, which is why any research that focuses on explaining this relationship is important for society in general. Statistics from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism from 2015 corroborate his statement, including:?? 696,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 were assaulted by another student who had been drinking.97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 reported experiencing alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape. The Basics of Anger Aggression is an outlet for anger. Its easy to think of this as the emotional state that occurs when we get mad. Often, this is a response to a provocation of some sort. Actually, the personality trait of anger refers to your general tendency to experience chronic anger over time. If youre an angry person, you tend to seek out stimuli that activate feelings of anger. This may explain why you are angry more often compared with someone who does not have this personality trait.?? Trait Anger Is an Aggression Predictor Trait anger significantly predicts aggression in intoxicated men who report low levels of anger control, according to a study published in Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. To obtain these results, researchers recruited 136 male social drinkers ages 21 to 35 to express their aggression after consuming either an alcoholic or placebo beverage.?? Participants were told they were going to compete against another individual on a reaction time task, during which they might receive electric shocks from their opponent. While engaged in this fictitious task, which included both high and low shock levels or provocation, the participants experience of anger was unobtrusively assessed using the Facial Action Coding System. Alcohol Brings out Aggression Alcohol intoxication brings out peoples natural tendencies to the expression of anger, said Dominic Parrott, the graduate student who conducted the study. Our findings strengthen the notion that alcohol increases the likelihood that certain drinkers, particularly those with the tendency to be angry and to express their anger outwardly, become aggressive when provoked. If individuals tend to express their anger outwardly, said Zeichner, alcohol will turn up the volume, so that such a person will express anger more frequently and more intensely. A heightened response will most likely occur when the provocation against the drinker is a strong one, and will less likely occur when the individual is experiencing a low provocation and is sober. Anger, Alcohol, and Domestic Violence The relationship of intimate partner violence is one area that is of great concern when it comes to alcohol and anger. This pertains to adults in long-term relationships such as marriages as well as dating and sexual violence. In a 2017 report, researchers shared their findings of the relationship between alcohol and dating violence. The study included 67 undergraduate men who were engaged currently dating someone. The conclusions were that alcohol increased the odds of physical aggression in those men who had high trait anger and poor anger management skills. It also noted that sexual aggression was higher with alcohol, even in men with low trait anger and reasonable anger management skills.?? How to Get Help When Your Partner Gets Violent After Drinking Energy Drinks and Alcohol a Potential Risk Factor Cocktails that include energy drinks should be considered a possible factor for aggressive behavior in bars as well. In another study, researchers surveyed 175 young adults who mixed alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks about their verbal and physical aggression in bar conflicts. More research is needed, but the study did find enough escalation in people consuming these drinks to label them a potential risk to increased hostility.?? Could you be in danger? Take the Domestic Danger Assessment Quiz.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Humorous Wedding Roast â⬠Why Would Anyone Want to Marry...
Humorous Wedding Speech ââ¬â Why Would Anyone Want to Marry this Man? Ladies and gentlemen, if theres anybody here this afternoon whos feeling nervous, apprehensive and queasy at the thought of what lies ahead, its probably because you have just got married to Charles Farrer. Looking around this packed room, its surprising just how far some people are prepared to travel for a free lunch. Its very fortunate that Charles was not involved in developing the menu; otherwise you would have been very disappointed to have come all this way for cheese sandwiches washed down with lager. Oh well then, Iââ¬â¢d better hurry up. After all, Iââ¬â¢m supposed to, in good taste, put the groom down. So, minus the good taste Iââ¬â¢ll get on with it.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In fact, he starts thinking from the moment he gets up and doesnt stop until he opens his mouth. He has a wonderful skill. Charles can offend anyone on any topic. People know this and steer clear of him at parties. Often, as a sign of respect, they donââ¬â¢t even invite him. Another reason to marry Charles is that heââ¬â¢s very caring ââ¬â especially about his appearance. Its easy to see from today that Charles, impeccably dressed, has always been an image-conscious sort of guy. You know, he once admitted to me that his favorite forms of entertainment were TV, Playstation and mirrors - in reverse order. He also very caring - when it comes to money. As he has often told me: ââ¬ËThe safest way to double your money is to fold it over once and put it back in your pocketââ¬â¢. But marriage changes a man and his approach to spending is shifting. Just yesterday, while mulling over a purchase, he blurted out, ââ¬ËWell, if youââ¬â¢ve got it why not spend it! Iââ¬â¢m not extravagant enough! Itââ¬â¢s a lot of money, but hey, you only live once! Iââ¬â¢m going to buy this right now! I donââ¬â¢t care how much it costs!ââ¬â¢ I was really impressed by this. And dramatically Charles threw the packet of Jaffa cakes in the shopping trolley and marched off. But more likely for Sherie the reason was love. I mean, when they first started seeing each other Charles was a real romantic. Heââ¬â¢d take Sherie to all sorts of placesâ⬠¦ although mainly pubs and barsâ⬠¦ with
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Ethical Dilemma Of A Patient s Death Or Permanent Damage
It wasnââ¬â¢t until the second month of my job that I realized that I needed God more than ever in my life. By that time I had worked with three different supervisors (un-named, of course) that had covertly learned to master the deceptive art of concealing medical malpractices, medication errors, and other incidents that could have been easily been avoided. Although I cannot say with 100% certainty that any of these events ever resulted in a patientââ¬â¢s death or permanent damage; however, I will say that there have been countless times during that brief period that I have sat in my track, alone and scared, not sure what was going to happen. Plagued with overwhelming fear and guilt of knowing these internal secrets, I faced an extreme ethical dilemma, not knowing if I should report these kinds of incidents or not. With tears gently streaming down my face, I prayed to the lord and cried out for the lord to save me and to guide me in the right direction. Although, as an voluntee r, I was never the person who was directly involved in any of these unfortunate events, but I still couldnââ¬â¢t help but feel just as guilty just knowing the cold hard truth that was being swept under the rug. I believe in honesty, dignity, and doing what is right, and I firmly believe that the patients and their loved ones have the right to know the truth, even if it makes our hospital appear to be negligent. There have been many, many times where Iââ¬â¢ve overheard the hospital administrator or the director ofShow MoreRelatedEthical and Legal Issues of Death and Dying2409 Words à |à 10 PagesEthical and Legal Issues of Death and Dying Tracey Rentas Old Dominion University CHP 480 November 30, 2012 Dr. P. Lynch-Epps Abstract This was not easy to put this paper together. Recently my mother- in- law passed away, and her death was devastating to the entire family as well many friends. She was diagnosed with Alzheimerââ¬â¢s and became dependent as she neared the end of life. All anyone of us could do was comfort her with our expression of loves while we tried to comprehend what wasRead MoreGenetic Therapy And Its Effect On Our Understanding Of Anatomy And Medicine1770 Words à |à 8 Pageswith ââ¬ËGenetic Therapyââ¬â¢, altering genes in order to cure once incurable genetic diseases such as many types of cancer. While the promising experimental tenure of this miracle therapy is promising, we must consider the practical, economical, moral and ethical factors that arrive with it. First, in order to understand what Gene Therapy is, we must first realise what genes are themselves, and the role they present in the body. Genes are found in Deoxyribonucleic acid (more commonly known as DNA). DNA isRead MoreA Study On Sickle Cell Disease3744 Words à |à 15 Pagesrange from 7% to 13% in blacks and up to 45% in people from Eastern Africa. In comparison to the other forms of SCD, sickle cell anemia is present in a homozygous form. Individuals are considered to be sickle cell trait carriers when they inherit Hb S from one parent and normal hemoglobin from the other parent, these individuals rarely present with any clinical manifestations (2010). Individuals with SCD inherit the sickle globin gene (HbS) from one parent and a normal (HbA) from the other parentRead MoreEthics, Health And Human Rights Essay2108 Words à |à 9 PagesUNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE Ethics, Health and Human Rights Case Discussion Glenda Carelse 3049452 BChD V 14/04/2015 ââ¬Æ' CONTENT 1. Introduction 2. Case Study 3. Ethical Considerations: â⬠¢ Medical risk of treating intoxicated patients â⬠¢ Legal risk of treating intoxicated patients â⬠¢ Professionalââ¬â¢s right to refuse treatment â⬠¢ Confidentiality 4. Conclusion 5. 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Management of pain, and symptoms, provision of psychological, socialRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words à |à 182 Pages------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Week 1: Introductions/Overview: An Ethical and Legal Framework - Discussion This weeks graded topics relate to the following Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs): A | Given a situation related to reproductive genetics, genetic research, or the human genome project, develop a set of legal and ethical guidelines, which can be applied to genetic issues for the conduct of medical practice and/or research. | B | Given the contentiousRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children5936 Words à |à 24 PagesDepartment for Children and Families define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. Child abuse can occur in a child s home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological or emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. In Western countries, preventing child abuseRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words à |à 190 PagesBUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTINââ¬â¢S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright à © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of AmericaRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words à |à 92 PagesI. 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Nature of Evil in Othello Free Essays
The Nature Of Evil In Othello The Nature of Evil in Othello William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Othello uses different and unique techniques in his language to express the nature of evil throughout the play. Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the ââ¬Å"villainâ⬠or ââ¬Å"protagonist in the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of Evil in Othello or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shakespeare uses this character to set the basis of evil. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulative language towards the other main characters. Corruption overcomes the Venetian society as Iago uses his crafty skills of deceit. The plan to have Othello turn against the ones he loves is the perfect example of evilââ¬â¢s nature. The power struggle is evident between these two. This situation is the start to Iagoââ¬â¢s plan to corrupt the society and take Othelloââ¬â¢s place. The root of Iagoââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"evilâ⬠is jealousy indeed, in turn changing into a power hungry manipulator. Iago is tired of acting like one ââ¬Å"courteous and knee-crooking knaveâ⬠like he always appears to be [I. i. 46]. Since Iago is reluctant to choose to be a master, he is the servant that bites off the fame and ââ¬Å"keep yet their hearts attending on themselves,â⬠still showing his service to his master but instead is more self-preserving with no attachments at all towards the master [I. i. 52]. Irony is used diligently in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s unique language style. Referred by Othello as ââ¬Å"honest Iagoâ⬠, the irony is very evident in this title. Iago is everything but honest but this proves how easily led and manipulated Othello is. The traits Iago possess are unexpected to a normal villain. He comes across as charming and smart, he can also be referred to a wolf in sheepââ¬â¢s clothing. For example, he knows Roderigo is in love with Desdemona and figures that he would do anything to have her as his own. Iago says about Roderigo, ââ¬Å"Thus do I ever make my fool my purse. â⬠[I iii. 355,] By playing on his hopes, Iago is able to conjure money and jewels from Roderigo, making himself a profit, while using Roderigo to further his other plans. He also thinks stealthy on his feet and is able to improvise whenever something unexpected occurs. When Cassio takes hold of Desdemonaââ¬â¢s hand before the arrival of the Moor Othello, Iago says, ââ¬Å"With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. â⬠[II, i, 163] This language demonstrates the evil inside Iagoââ¬â¢s goals of retrieving absolute power. He actually even says of himself, ââ¬Å"I am an honest manâ⬠¦. â⬠[II, iii, 245] à Iago slowly corrupts the characterââ¬â¢s thoughts, creating ideas in their minds without implicating himself. His ââ¬Å"medicine works! Thus credulous fools are caughtâ⬠¦. â⬠[II, i, 44] ââ¬Å"And whatââ¬â¢s he then that says I play the villain, when this advice is free I give, and honest,â⬠[II, iii, 299] says Iago. In turn, people rarely stop to consider the fact that old Iago could be deceiving and manipulating them; yet they are convinced that he is ââ¬Å"Honest Iago. â⬠From these quotes from ââ¬Å"Othelloâ⬠it is proven that the dialogue used between Iago and the others is manipulative causing an evil outcome. Iagoââ¬â¢s complexity in character grows as the play comes closer to a conclusion. The tricky and crafty way Shakespeare uses the evil in Iago is to make him seem amoral as opposed to the typical immoral villain. At the climactic end of the play, Iagoââ¬â¢s plot and plan is given away to Othello by his own wife, Emilia. Iago kills his wife seeing her as a non entity to his vicious foresight. He kills her not out of anger but for more pragmatic reasons. She served no purpose to him anymore and she can now only hurt his chances of keeping the position he has been given by Othello. Iagoââ¬â¢s black hearted taking of Emiliaââ¬â¢s and Roderigoââ¬â¢s lives is another proof of his amorality. The root of all evil stems from some would say money, but in this case it is power. To drive Iago to get the power he wants, he is fueled by jealousy. The way jealousy affects the other characters is uncanny. Othello is led down the same path as Iago which is exactly what he wants. The other characters all play off Iagoââ¬â¢s misfortunes in turn making Iagoââ¬â¢s manipulative plan a success. ââ¬Å"Divinity of hell! When devils will their blackest sins put on, they do suggest at first with heavenly shows, as I do now. â⬠(II, iii, 348) This is the first quote that it is evident Iago is jealous. He is the voice of jealousy in its entirety, giving way to the evil deeds that drive the play. There is a counter argument to the fact whether Iago is truly ââ¬Å"evil. à In Richard Grantââ¬â¢s, Studies in Shakespeare, describes the dual aspects of the character of Iago, whose external demeanor is characterized by warm sympathy for his friends and apparent trustworthiness among his peers, but whose real and inner nature is amoral, heartless, and entirely self-interested. The fact that Iago was the youngest out of the group of characters, Grants theory on Iagoââ¬â¢s evil nature i s that he adapted it by consciously adopting it. ââ¬Å"Brave, and a good soldier, he was also of that order of ability which lifts a man speedily above his fellows. His manners and his guise were of a dashing military sort; and his manner had a corresponding bluntness, tempered, at times, by tact to a warm-hearted effusiveness, by the very tact which prompted the bluntness. â⬠[Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 258-79] Grants theory can twist the minds of what Iago has always been thought of to be. The typical villain is taken as something else in this scenario. Being in the military, in is in Iagoââ¬â¢s nature to make his way to the top. His actions may not have been particularly ââ¬Å"evilâ⬠, but yet understood. Another excerpt from Grants theory, ââ¬Å" All the principal personages of the tragedy, Desdemona and Cassio included, thus regard him; although Cassio, himself a soldier, is most impressed by Iagoââ¬â¢s personal bravery and military ability. In speaking of him, he not being present, the lieutenant calls him the bold Iago, and in his presence says to Desdemona that she may relish him more in the soldier than in the scholar,â⬠[II. i. 75, 165-66] [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 234] further explains how the soldier instinct in Iago has replaced his demeanor rather than ââ¬Å"evil. The sheer importance of the character Iago is immense. The theory of Iago being ââ¬Å"evilâ⬠or just jealous of a military position is up for debate. The interesting fact about Shakespeareââ¬â¢s characters is the relation they have in real life. As Grant explains, ââ¬Å"In Iago Shakespeare has presented a character that could not have escaped his o bservation; for it is of not uncommon occurrence except in one of its elements, utter unscrupulousness. But for this, Iago would be a representative type, representative of the gifted, scheming, plausible, and pushing man, who gets on by the social art known as making friends. This man is often met with in society. Sometimes he is an adventurer, like Iago, but most commonly he is not; and that he should be so is not necessary to the perfection of his character,â⬠[Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] you can see the relations Iago has to a specific stereotype of a person in the real world. In another excerpt, ââ¬Å"Thus far Iagoââ¬â¢s character is one not rare in any society nor at any time. Yet it has been misapprehended; and the cause of its misapprehension is the one element in which it is peculiar. Iago is troubled with no scruples, absolutely none. He has intellectual perceptions of right and wrong, but he is utterly without the moral sense. He has but one guide of conduct, self-interest. [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] Grant explains how Iago is just lacking moral sense. He may not in fact be ââ¬Å"evilâ⬠at all. He can simply just be greedy and envious in result of not gaining the position in the military. ââ¬Å"Iago, however, had no thought of driving Othello to suicide. Far from it. Had he supposed the train he laid would have exploded in that catastrophe; he would at least have sought his end by other means. For Othello was necessary to him. He wanted the lieutenancy; and he was willing to ruin a regiment of Cassios, and to cause all the senatorsââ¬â¢ daughters in Venice to be smothered, if that were necessary to his end. But otherwise he would not have stepped out of his path to do them the slightest injury; nay, rather would have done them some little service, said some pretty thing, shown some attaching sympathy, that would have been an item in the sum of his popularity. There is no mistaking Shakespeareââ¬â¢s intention in the delineation of this character. He meant him for a most attractive, popular, good-natured, charming, selfish, cold-blooded and utterly unscrupulous scoundrel. â⬠(pp. 333-34) [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] This excerpt further explains Iagoââ¬â¢s nature being exactly how Shakespeare intended yet a little different than what the average reader would think of him. The nature of evil is strictly evident as the play comes to an end, yet it is viewed as an opinion or a theory whether Iago is truly ââ¬Å"evil. â⬠Ironically, Iagoââ¬â¢s words speak louder than his actions, proving how legitimate Shakespeareââ¬â¢s use of language for the character was. This dynamic use of language is significant because it can alter the thought of the reader whether Iago was truly evil or just using military tactics to better him. Iago and his use of language set the main plot for every characters outcome. How to cite Nature of Evil in Othello, Papers
Saturday, April 25, 2020
Martin Luther Was A German Theologian And Religious Reformer, Who Star
Martin Luther was a German theologian and religious reformer, who started the Protestant Reformation, and whose vast influence during his time period made him one of the crucial figures in modern European history. Luther was born in Eisleben on November 10, 1483 and was descended from the peasantry, a fact that he often stressed. Hans Luther, his father, was a copper miner. Luther received a sound primary and secondary education at Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisenach. In 1501, at the age of 17, he enrolled at the University of Erfurt, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1502 and a master's degree in 1505 . He then intended to study law, as his father had wished. In the summer of 1505, he abandoned his studies and his law plans, sold his books, and entered the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt. The decision surprised his friends and appalled his father. Later in his life, Luther explained his suprising decision by recollecting several brushes with death that had occurred at the time, making him aware of the fleeting character of life. In the monastery he observed the rules imposed on a novice but did not find the peace in God he had expected. Nevertheless, Luther made his profession as a monk in the fall of 1506, and his superiors selected him for the priesthood. Ordained in 1507, he approached his first celebration of the mass with awe. After his ordination, Luther was asked to study theology in order to become a professor at one of the many new German universities staffed by monks. In 1508 he was assigned by Johann von Staupitz, vicar-general of the Augustinians and a friend and counselor, to the new University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) to give introductory lectures in moral philosophy. He received his bachelor's degree in theology in 1509 and returned to Erfurt, where he taught and studied. In November 1510, on behalf of seven Augustinian monasteries, he made a visit to Rome, where he performed the religious duties customary for a pious visitor and was shocked by the worldliness of the Roman clergy. Soon after resuming his duties in Erfurt, he was reassigned to Wittenberg and asked to study for the degree of doctor of theology. In 1512, after receiving his doctorate, he took over the chair of biblical theology which he held till his death. Although still uncertain of God's love and his own salvation, Luther was active as a preacher, teacher, and administrator. Sometime during his study of the New Testament in preparation for his lectures, he came to believe that Christians are saved not through their own efforts but by the gift of God's grace, which they accept in faith. Both the exact date and the location of this experience have been a matter of controversy among scholars, but the event was crucial in Luther's life, because it turned him decisively against some of the major tenets of the Catholic church. Luther became a public and controversial figure when he published his Ninety-Five Theses on October 31, 1517. His main purpose of wri ting the theses was to show his opposition for the corruption and wealth of the papacy and to state his belief that salvation would be granted on the basis of faith alone rather then by works. Although it is generally believed that Luther nailed these theses to the door of All Saints Church in Wittenberg, some scholars have questioned this story, which does not occur in any of his own writings. Regardless of the manner in which his propositions were made public, they caused great excitement and were immediately translated into German and widely distributed . Luther's spirited defense and further development of his position through public university debates in Wittenberg and other cities resulted in an investigation by the Roman Curia that led to the condemnation of his teachings and his excommunication. Summoned to appear before Charles V at the Diet of Worms in April 1521, he was asked before the assembled secular and ecclesiastical rulers to recant. He refused firmly, asserting th at he would have to be convinced by Scripture and clear reason in order to do so and that going against conscience is not safe for anyone. Condemned by the emperor,
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